Carotid artery intima-media thickness is closely related to impaired left ventricular function in patients with coronary artery disease: a single-centre, blinded, non-randomized study

BACKGROUND Atherosclerosis is the underlying cause of the majority of myocardial infarctions and ischemic strokes. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) is a surrogate measure of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Left ventricular (LV) function can be accurately assessed by 2D speckle-tracking strain echocardiography (2D-STE). The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between carotid IMT and LV dysfunction assessed by strain echocardiography in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS Thirty-one patients with symptoms of CAD were examined with coronary angiography, cardiac echocardiography and carotid ultrasound. Layer-specific longitudinal strains were assessed from endo-, mid- and epicardium by 2D-STE. LV global longitudinal strain (LVGLS) was averaged from 16 longitudinal LV segments in all 3 layers. LVGLS results were compared with coronary angiography findings in a receiver operating curve (ROC) to determine the cut-off for normal and pathological strain values. The calculated optimal strain value was compared to maximal carotid IMT measurements. RESULTS The ROC analysis for strain versus coronary angiography was: area under curve (AUC)=0.91 (95% CI 0.80 - 1.0), cut-off value for endocardial LVGLS: -16.7%. Further analyses showed that increased carotid IMT correlated with low absolute strain values (p=0.006) also when adjusted for hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes and BMI (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS In this study increased carotid IMT values were associated with decreased LV function assessed by strain measurements. These findings support the use of carotid IMT measurements to predict the risk of coronary heart disease.